Peter J.M. Nas Primary Author mixed material bibliography Belanda Leiden University Press 2011 id Indonesia

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Urban symbolism expresses itself through different phenomena, such as the layout of a city, architecture, statues, street and place names, poems, as well as rituals, festivals and processions; another strand consists of myths, novels, films, poetry, rap, music, songs and websites, all of which can be called symbol bearers. Many cities have multiple symbol bearers, of which one is usually the most dominant. There are four types of symbol bearers so far: material, discursive, iconic and behavioral (Nas, Jaffe and Samuels, 2006). In this introduction, examples of these four types will be presented. After describing material symbolism, which is the traditional terrain of urban symbolic ecology, as indicated by the cases of Jakarta and Cape Town, we will present the discursive symbolism of Tournai and Kortrijk. Discursive symbols reflect urban images and narratives. Iconic symbolism or signifiers consist of people representing cities. These can be either individuals or groups which are sacral or profane in nature, as can be seen in the cases of Kevelaer and Memphis. Subsequently in the section on behavioral symbolism, pertaining to activities such as rituals, festivals and demonstrations, Leiden and Haarlem are illustrated. These four clusters of symbol bearers will be followed by the exploration of emotional aspects of city symbolism within the cases of The Hague and Colombo. After discussing these types of symbol bearers, this introduction will finish with a short presentation of the chapters of the book. Urban symbolism Arsitektur Perkotaan 725.9/Nas/C 9789087281250 Perpustakaan Universitas Indraprasta PGRI library.unindra.ac.id 725.9/Nas/C e1800001 Perpustakaan S1 (Digital) 725.9/Nas/C Cities Full of Symbols. A Theory of Urban Space and Culture 402368_Cities_Full_of_Symbols_Edited_by_Peter_J.M._Nas_Leiden_University_Press.jpg.jpg 8121 2018-01-04 18:14:01 2018-01-08 11:50:48 machine generated